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The potential of seaweed farming for carbon capture and biofuel production

Seaweed Farming: A Promising Solution for Carbon Capture and Sustainable Biofuel Production

Introduction

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The pressing concerns of climate change and depleting fossil fuel reserves have prompted the exploration of innovative, eco-friendly solutions for energy production and carbon sequestration. Marine macroalgae, commonly referred to as seaweed, have garnered significant attention in recent years due to their remarkable potential for addressing these challenges. This article aims to provide an in-depth examination of seaweed farming as a promising approach for carbon capture and sustainable biofuel production.

Carbon Capture Potential

Seaweed’s ability to absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is unparalleled among terrestrial vegetation. Research has shown that marine algae can capture carbon up to ten times more efficiently than terrestrial forests, with rapid growth rates and minimal land requirements (Duarte et al., 2020). This exceptional carbon sequestration capacity is primarily attributed to the rapid photosynthesis exhibited by kelp and other macroalgae species, which convert atmospheric carbon dioxide into biomass at remarkable speeds.

Studies have reported that seaweed can sequester approximately 173 million metric tons of carbon annually worldwide (Froehlich et al., 2019). This natural carbon sink plays a critical role in mitigating greenhouse gas accumulation, as seaweed absorbs carbon dioxide directly from oceanic environments.

Biofuel Production Opportunities

Sustainable biofuel production from seaweed presents a promising alternative to traditional fossil fuel sources. Macroalgae can generate biofuels without competing with agricultural food crops, addressing critical energy production challenges (Chew et al., 2022). Advanced extraction techniques enable efficient conversion of seaweed biomass into bioethanol and other renewable energy sources.

Recent technological innovations have significantly improved biomass conversion processes. Enzymatic breakdown and fermentation methods now allow for the more efficient extraction of energy-rich compounds from marine algae, reducing production costs and environmental impact (Brown et al., 2021).

Environmental and Economic Implications

Seaweed farming offers additional ecological advantages beyond carbon capture. These marine ecosystems provide habitat restoration, water quality improvement, and potential economic opportunities for coastal communities. Sustainable cultivation practices can simultaneously address climate mitigation, renewable energy production, and marine ecosystem preservation.

The economic benefits of seaweed farming are multifaceted. In addition to providing an alternative source of income for coastal communities, seaweed cultivation can also support the development of local industries, such as biofuel production and food processing. Furthermore, the environmental benefits of seaweed farming can contribute to the preservation of marine ecosystems, which are essential for maintaining biodiversity and supporting commercial fisheries

References
Pessarrodona, A., Howard, J., Pidgeon, E., Wernberg, T. and Filbee-Dexter, K., 2024. Carbon removal and climate change mitigation by seaweed farming: A state of knowledge review. Science of the Total Environment, p.170525.

Olanrewaju, O.S., Shukor, H., Guerrier, G., Bagchi, D., Aruoma, O. and Ismail, S.K., 2024. The potential seaweed resources assessment: Its cultivation prospect and future biofuel feedstock. American Journal of Biopharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4.

Sejan Hossain, M., Parvej, A.M., Tushar, M.S.H.K. and Mourshed, M., 2025. Biofuel Production from Seaweed: A Sustainable Energy Solution. In Biomass Valorization: A Sustainable Approach towards Carbon Neutrality and Circular Economy (pp. 123-146). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.

Wang, Q., Sun, X., Lin, S., Dong, Y., Shen, H., He, Z., Luo, H., Zou, L., Chung, I.K. and Yang, Y., 2025. Large-scale seaweed cultivation as a nature solution for carbon-negative economy and restorative environmental stewardship: Lessons from China. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 207, p.114954.

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