Infographic Overview: Major Developmental Milestones for Children

Child Development: A Guide to Physical, Cognitive, and Social-Emotional Milestones from Infancy to Middle Childhood”

Instructions
In your infographic, identify and explain the physical, cognitive, and social-emotional development milestones for:

Infancy (birth to age 1)

Toddlerhood (age 1-3)

Early childhood (ages 3-6)

Middle childhood (ages 6-11)

Ensure that the infographic is visually appealing and easy to understand. It should serve as a quick reference guide for parents, caregivers, and professionals.

RUBRIC

Infancy Development
20 possible points (20%)
Mastery Advanced/exceeds achievement
Exemplary identification and explanation of the physical, cognitive, and social-emotional development milestones for infants.
20
Proficiency Clear/effective achievement
Satisfactory identification and explanation of the physical, cognitive, and social-emotional development milestones for infants.
17
Competence Adequate/basic achievement
Basic identification and explanation of the physical, cognitive, and social-emotional development milestones for infants.
15
Emerging Limited/growing achievement
Rudimentary identification and explanation of the physical, cognitive, and social-emotional development milestones for infants.

Toddlerhood Development
20 possible points (20%)
Mastery Advanced/exceeds achievement
Exemplary identification and explanation of the physical, cognitive, and social-emotional development milestones for toddlers.
20
Proficiency Clear/effective achievement
Satisfactory identification and explanation of the physical, cognitive, and social-emotional development milestones for toddlers.
17
Competence Adequate/basic achievement
Basic identification and explanation of the physical, cognitive, and social-emotional development milestones for toddlers.
15
Emerging Limited/growing achievement
Rudimentary identification and explanation of the physical, cognitive, and social-emotional development milestones for toddlers.
11

Early Childhood Development
20 possible points (20%)
Mastery Advanced/exceeds achievement
Exemplary identification and explanation of the physical, cognitive, and social-emotional development milestones for early childhood.
20
Proficiency Clear/effective achievement
Satisfactory identification and explanation of the physical, cognitive, and social-emotional development milestones for early childhood.
17
Competence Adequate/basic achievement
Basic identification and explanation of the physical, cognitive, and social-emotional development milestones for early childhood.
15
Emerging Limited/growing achievement
Rudimentary identification and explanation of the physical, cognitive, and social-emotional development milestones for early childhood.
11

Middle Childhood Development
20 possible points (20%)
Mastery Advanced/exceeds achievement
Exemplary identification and explanation of the physical, cognitive, and social-emotional development milestones for middle childhood.
20
Proficiency Clear/effective achievement
Satisfactory identification and explanation of the physical, cognitive, and social-emotional development milestones for middle childhood.
17
Competence Adequate/basic achievement
Basic identification and explanation of the physical, cognitive, and social-emotional development milestones for middle childhood.
15
Emerging Limited/growing achievement
Rudimentary identification and explanation of the physical, cognitive, and social-emotional development milestones for middle childhood.
11

Infographic Design
10 possible points (10%)
Mastery Advanced/exceeds achievement
Superior infographic design. Design adds to the understanding of the content. Clear and easy to read content.
10
Proficiency Clear/effective achievement
Satisfactory infographic design. Design attempted to add to the understanding of the content. Clear and easy to read content.
8
Competence Adequate/basic achievement
Some infographic design. Clear and easy to read content.
7
Emerging Limited/growing achievement
Minimum infographic design.
5

Professionalism
10 possible points (10%)
Mastery Advanced/exceeds achievement
Provided stated ideas with professional language and attribution for credible sources with correct APA citation, spelling, and grammar in the overview.
10
Proficiency Clear/effective achievement
Provided stated ideas with professional language and attribution for credible sources with minimal APA citation, spelling, and grammar errors in the overview.
8
Competence Adequate/basic achievement
Attempted to provide stated ideas with professional language and attribution for credible sources with some APA citation, spelling, and grammar errors in the overview.
7
Emerging Limited/growing achievement
Provided confusing ideas with an attempt at professional language and attribution for credible sources with numerous APA citation, spelling, and grammar errors in the overview.
5

References:

Berk, L. E. (2013). Child Development (9th ed.). Pearson.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2021). “Developmental Milestones.” Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/childdevelopment/index.html

Shaffer, D. R., & Kipp, K. (2014). Developmental Psychology: Childhood and Adolescence (9th ed.). Cengage Learning.

______________________________

Infographic Overview: Major Developmental Milestones for Children
Children grow and change rapidly, hitting key milestones that reflect their physical, cognitive, and social-emotional development. Below, these milestones are broken down into four stages—infancy, toddlerhood, early childhood, and middle childhood—to help families and advocates understand what to expect. Each section highlights specific achievements and offers a glimpse into how kids progress.

Infancy (Birth to Age 1): The Foundation Begins
During infancy, babies transform from helpless newborns into active explorers. Growth happens fast, and every milestone lays the groundwork for later skills.

Physical Development: Babies gain control over their bodies step by step. By three months, many lift their heads while on their stomachs. Around six months, they sit with support and roll over. By their first birthday, most crawl or even take a few wobbly steps (CDC, 2022).
Cognitive Development: Curiosity drives early learning. Newborns track objects with their eyes, while six-month-olds recognize familiar faces. By age one, infants use simple problem-solving, like shaking a rattle to hear sound (Piaget, 2019).
Social-Emotional Development: Bonds form early. Babies smile at caregivers by two months, showing attachment. By nine months, they may cry when parents leave—a sign of separation anxiety. Trust builds through consistent care (Erikson, 2020).
Toddlerhood (Ages 1-3): Steps Toward Independence
Toddlers burst with energy and personality. They test limits while mastering new abilities, eager to do things on their own.

Physical Development: Movement takes off. At age one, toddlers walk with support; by two, they run and climb stairs. Fine motor skills emerge too—think scribbling with crayons or stacking blocks by age three (CDC, 2022).
Cognitive Development: Thinking grows more complex. Toddlers name objects and follow simple instructions, like “pick up the toy,” by age two. Imagination kicks in, sparking pretend play, such as feeding a doll (Berk, 2021).
Social-Emotional Development: Emotions run high. Toddlers show affection, like hugging siblings, but also throw tantrums when frustrated. By three, many play alongside peers, a first step toward friendship (Erikson, 2020).
Early Childhood (Ages 3-6): Building Skills and Confidence
Early childhood brings big leaps in independence and understanding. Kids ask endless questions and form stronger connections with others.

Physical Development: Coordination improves. Three-year-olds hop or kick a ball, while six-year-olds ride bikes and tie shoes. Hand-eye skills sharpen, allowing them to draw shapes or cut with scissors (CDC, 2022).
Cognitive Development: Logic takes root. Kids count to ten by age four and grasp basic concepts like “same” or “different.” By six, they solve simple puzzles and tell stories with a beginning and end (Piaget, 2019).
Social-Emotional Development: Relationships deepen. Four-year-olds share toys (sometimes reluctantly), while six-year-olds form best friends. Empathy grows too—many comfort a crying peer (Berk, 2021).
Middle Childhood (Ages 6-11): Growing Into Themselves
Middle childhood blends independence with a need for guidance. Kids tackle school, hobbies, and peer groups while shaping their identities.

Physical Development: Strength and stamina increase. Six-year-olds jump rope; by eleven, many excel in sports like soccer or swimming. Fine motor skills peak—think writing essays or building detailed models (CDC, 2022).
Cognitive Development: Thinking sharpens. Kids reason logically, tackling math problems or planning a game. By eleven, they debate opinions and understand cause-and-effect, like why rules matter (Piaget, 2019).
Social-Emotional Development: Peer influence grows. Six-year-olds join group play, while eleven-year-olds navigate cliques. Self-esteem ties to achievements, like earning good grades or winning a race (Erikson, 2020).
Infographic Design Notes
To make this infographic clear and engaging:

Use a timeline format, with each age group in its own colorful section.
Add simple icons: a crawling baby for infancy, a running toddler, a hopping preschooler, and a biking child for middle childhood.
Include short bullet points under bold headings (Physical, Cognitive, Social-Emotional) for easy scanning.
Choose a clean font and bright, welcoming colors to keep it readable and appealing.
Why Milestones Matter
Tracking these milestones helps advocates spot delays early and recommend support. For example, if a toddler isn’t walking by age two, a physical therapist might step in. Likewise, a shy six-year-old struggling with friends could benefit from social skills groups. Courts rely on this knowledge to ensure kids thrive, whether through custody decisions or resource access. Ever wonder how small steps—like a baby’s first smile—build a lifetime of potential? That’s the power of development.

References
Berk, L. E. (2021). Development Through the Lifespan. 7th ed. Boston: Pearson.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2022). Developmental Milestones. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/actearly/milestones/index.html [Accessed 9 March 2025].
Erikson, E. H. (2020). Childhood and Society. 3rd ed. New York: W.W. Norton & Company.
Piaget, J. (2019). The Psychology of the Child. Translated by H. Weaver. New York: Basic Books.

Sample Topics
Tracking Growth: Key Developmental Milestones for Children
From Crawling to Confidence: A Guide to Child Development
Milestones That Matter: Understanding Kids’ Progress

Explore the physical, cognitive, and social-emotional milestones that shape children from infancy to middle childhood in this clear guide.
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